-Product…good or service; involving package design, branding, trademarks, warranties, product life cycles, and new-product development.

- Pricing…deals with the methods of setting profitable and justifiable exchange values for goods and services.

- Physical Distribution [Place]… activities and institutions involved in getting the right good or service to the customers.

- Promotion…the appropriate blend of personal selling, advertising, and sales promotion for use in communicating with and seeking to persuade customers.

The 4 P’s of Marketing